{"id":14337,"date":"2013-01-25T17:13:32","date_gmt":"2013-01-25T15:13:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pvtv.ro\/?p=14337"},"modified":"2013-01-25T17:19:36","modified_gmt":"2013-01-25T15:19:36","slug":"cormoran-nou-alicit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fishingandhuntingtv.com\/ro\/pescuit\/undita_si_revolutia\/cormoran-nou-alicit.html","title":{"rendered":"Cormoran nou alicit!"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"cormoran\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00cen Republica Ceh\u0103, un t\u0103r\u00e2m de vis pentru orice pescar de p\u0103str\u0103v din Europa, Ministerul Mediului nu este ocupat p\u00e2n\u0103 peste cap cu timbrul de mediu, \u00een schimb are o problem\u0103 cu cormoranii. Acuza\u021bi c\u0103 s-au \u00eenmul\u021bit \u00een ultimii ani \u0219i c\u0103 produc deja dezechilibre \u00een ecosistemele \u00een care tr\u0103iesc, oficialii cehi au hot\u0103r\u00e2t scoaterea acestei specii de pe lista speciilor protejate, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 de la 1 aprilie 2013 \u00eempu\u0219carea lor va deveni legal\u0103. Acesta este un semnal important pentru pescarii sportivi din toat\u0103 Europa \u0219i mai ales pentru managerii piscicoli care acuz\u0103 de ceva vreme aceste p\u0103s\u0103ri aflate \u00eentr-o expansiune popula\u021bional\u0103 evident\u0103 c\u0103 au generat pierderi piscicole de propor\u021bii \u00een ultimii 20 de ani. Guvernul ceh este primul din UE care ia o astfel de m\u0103sur\u0103 \u00eempotriva unei specii care se afl\u0103 \u00een mod oficial pe lista ro\u0219ie. Schimbarea atitudinii oficiale este destul de profund\u0103, pentru c\u0103 statul ceh nu va mai suporta pierderile piscicole \u2013 compensa\u021bii ce se ridic\u0103 la zeci de milioane de euro. Este de a\u0219teptat ca \u0219i alte \u021b\u0103ri \u2013 a\u0219a cum sunt Fran\u021ba \u0219i Spania \u2013 s\u0103 foloseasc\u0103 acest precedent pentru a lua decizii legislative asem\u0103n\u0103toare.<\/p>\n

\"cormorani\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Lucrurile sunt destul de serioase, at\u00e2t de serioase \u00eenc\u00e2t EFTTA (European Fishing Tackle Trade Association) folose\u0219te studii \u0219tin\u021bifice care demonstreaz\u0103 c\u0103 un cormoran m\u0103n\u00e2nc\u0103 un kilogram de pe\u0219te pe zi. Cum num\u0103rul cormoranilor este \u00een Europa estimat la mai mult de un milion, rezult\u0103 c\u0103 \u00eentr-o singur\u0103 zi aceste p\u0103s\u0103ri m\u0103n\u00e2nc\u0103 zilnic 1000 de tone. Cantitatea aceasta este folosit\u0103 de EFTTA pentru a demonstra c\u0103 \u00een acest ritm stocurile de pe\u0219te din multe zone ale \u021b\u0103rilor europene ar putea fi distruse, risc ce reclam\u0103 un management european pe m\u0103sur\u0103 al crizei. Studii realizate \u00eentre 1965 \u0219i 2005 indic\u0103 o cre\u0219tere \u00eembucur\u0103toare a popula\u021biilor de cormoran, \u00eens\u0103 abia acum se v\u0103d \u0219i efectele negative ale impactului acestei cre\u0219teri popula\u021bionale asupra stocurilor de pe\u0219te. Este vorba despre vie\u021bile celor 60.000 de cet\u0103\u021beni europeni care \u00ee\u0219i c\u00ee\u0219tig\u0103 existen\u021ba lucr\u00e2nd at\u00e2t \u00een industria pescuitului recreativ-sportiv, c\u00e2t \u0219i \u00een zona pescuitului comercial, detaliu speculat politic p\u00e2n\u0103 la nivelul form\u0103rii unui lobby la Bruxelles care militeaz\u0103 pentru… execu\u021bia \u00een mas\u0103 a acestor p\u0103s\u0103ri ihtiofage.<\/p>\n

\"kaka\"<\/a>Nici peste ocean, \u00een Statele Unite, rudele cormoranilor de la noi nu au motive pentru a-\u0219i tr\u0103i lini\u0219ti\u021bi vie\u021bile de p\u0103s\u0103ri ocrotite de lege. \u0218i aici studiile au dezv\u0103luit varia\u021bii popula\u021bionale importante \u00een ultimii 100 de ani, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t dac\u0103 \u00een secolul 19 zeci de mii de cormorani erau v\u0103zu\u021bi migr\u00e2nd \u00een lungul fluviul Mississippi, nu acela\u0219i lucru se mai \u00eent\u00e2mpla la \u00eenceput de secol 20. Cormoranii care colonizau Marile Lacuri \u00een jurul anilor 1920 aveau s\u0103 dispar\u0103 dup\u0103 1950 datorit\u0103 nivelurilor crescute de poluan\u021bi din ap\u0103, a\u0219a cum sunt DDT-ul \u0219i pesticidele. Acestea, acumulate \u00een pe\u0219ti \u0219i consumate astfel de p\u0103s\u0103ri, au f\u0103cut ca 95% din ou\u0103le din cuiburi s\u0103 aib\u0103 coaja foarte sub\u021bire, ceea ce a anulat practic procesul reproducerii. Dup\u0103 anul 1970, c\u00e2nd \u00een Statele Unite au fost adoptate legi drastice de mediu care au redus cantitatea de produse toxice eliminate de industrie \u00een r\u00e2uri, popula\u021biile de cormorani au \u00eenceput s\u0103-\u0219i revin\u0103 numeric.<\/p>\n

Astfel, dac\u0103 \u00een 1970 \u00een jurul Marilor Lacuri abia dac\u0103 mai cuib\u0103reau 200 de cormorani, ast\u0103zi pot fi num\u0103ra\u021bi 600.000. Cre\u0219terea aceasta fantastic\u0103 a generat o puternic\u0103 competi\u021bie la resursa piscicol\u0103 cu pescarii sportivi \u0219i comerciali, fenomen ce a determinat apari\u021bia unor cereri ca \u00eempu\u0219carea acestor p\u0103s\u0103ri s\u0103 fie permis\u0103 legal. US Fish & Wildlife, organismul care se ocup\u0103 cu fauna terestr\u0103 \u0219i acvatic\u0103 din domeniul public american, consider\u0103 totu\u0219i c\u0103 un management non-letal \u0219i regional este posibil (prin distrugerea ou\u0103lelor \u0219i a cuiburilor), \u00eens\u0103 nu exclude \u0219i metode extreme, inclusiv prin deschiderea v\u00e2n\u0103torii la aceste p\u0103s\u0103ri acolo unde este necesar. Astfel \u00een 2003 agen\u021bii piscicoli au primit dreptul de ucide cormorani pentru a le reduce num\u0103rul pe apele unde s-a considerat c\u0103 reprezint\u0103 un pericol pentru popula\u021bia piscicol\u0103, ocazie cu care au fost uci\u0219i 150.000 de cormorani.<\/p>\n

\"cormoran-canadian\"<\/p>\n

\u00cen Canada, o \u021bar\u0103 \u00een care problemele legate de mediu sunt rezolvate prin legi regionale, Ontario este un exemplu de \u00eemp\u0103care a oamenilor cu aceste p\u0103s\u0103ri. Canadienii de aici consider\u0103 cre\u0219terea num\u0103rului de cormorani drept un succes al m\u0103surilor de protec\u021bie \u0219i nu consider\u0103 c\u0103 ace\u0219tia reprezint\u0103 o problem\u0103 pentru stocurile piscicole. Aceast\u0103 atitudine pune \u00een opozi\u021bie interesele americanilor \u0219i canadienilor \u00een zona frontalier\u0103, acolo\u00a0 unde cormoranii proteja\u021bi \u00eentr-o \u021bar\u0103 pot fi c\u0103s\u0103pi\u021bi \u00een cealalt\u0103, fapt ce se poate l\u0103sa \u0219i cu ceva conflict pe teme de legisla\u021bie interna\u021bional\u0103. Dac\u0103 arunc\u0103m o privire peste documentele interna\u021bionale ce au leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu cormoranii vom afla c\u0103 aceste p\u0103s\u0103ri ihtiofage sunt protejate \u00eenc\u0103 din 1916 \u00een Canada de Tratatul P\u0103s\u0103rilor Migratoare, aflat indirect sub auspiciile Conven\u021biei Ramsar \u0219i al Tratatului P\u0103s\u0103rilor Migratoare din 1918. \u00cen schimb cormoranii nu au parte de protec\u021bie \u00een paginile Conven\u021biei Speciilor Migratorii din CITES, ceea ce las\u0103 yankeilor o poart\u0103 deschis\u0103…<\/p>\n

\"cormoran-mare\"<\/a>\u0218i Marea Britanie, cu tot aerul s\u0103u iloza\u021bionist insular, a cam intrat \u00een conflict cu cormoranii. Ast\u0103zi sunt multe asocia\u021bii de pescuit sportiv, precum Norfolk Anglers Conservation Association, care reclam\u0103 reducerea efectivelor de cormoran. Asocia\u021bia cu pricina a lansat de pild\u0103 opera\u021biunea Black Duck, un lobby guvernamental care a demarat un studiu oficial asupra impactului negativ al cormoranilor asupra stocurilor piscicole. Inten\u021bia este de a confirma cre\u0219terea num\u0103rului de cormorani \u2013 p\u0103s\u0103ri protejate de lege \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu 1981\u2013 \u0219i de a lansa un proiect prin care s\u0103 fie diminuat impactul acestor p\u0103s\u0103ri asupra resursei piscicole. Practic \u00een Marea Britanie legisla\u021bia actual\u0103 interzice inclusiv folosirea instala\u021biilor care produc zgomot impulsiv pentru a speria cormoranii care amenin\u021b\u0103 amenaj\u0103rile piscicole.<\/p>\n

Nici \u00een Nord cormoranii nu-\u0219i mai pot \u00eenghi\u021bi dumicatul piscicol \u00een lini\u0219te, cum ar fi Finlanda, o \u021bar\u0103 care a \u00eenceput protec\u021bia total\u0103 a acestei specii din 1996, moment \u00een care mai existau doar 10 perechi \u00eentr-o colonie, la 14.400 de perechi \u00een 34 de colonii, la nivelul anului 2010. Pescarii acuz\u0103 p\u0103s\u0103rile c\u0103 au determinat sc\u0103derea produc\u021biei piscicole din apele coastelor finlandeze. \u00cen general pescarii Scandinavi reclam\u0103 tot mai frecvent legea protec\u021biei acestor p\u0103s\u0103ri care au \u00eenceput s\u0103 ating\u0103 efectivele de dinainte de \u00eenceputul erei industriale, semn c\u0103 politicile de mediu au dat rezultate.<\/p>\n

\"somn\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Partea trist\u0103 a acestei pove\u0219ti a cormoranilor este tocmai conjuctura actual\u0103 \u00een care civiliza\u021bia \u00ee\u0219i cere drepturile de a avea acces la resursele naturale, \u0219i face asta elimin\u00e2nd chiar \u0219i acei consumatori care au un loc natural \u00een lan\u021bul trofic. Realitatea este c\u0103 expansiunea urban\u0103, deteriorarea lan\u021burilor trofice din ecosisteme \u0219i s\u0103r\u0103cirea biodiversit\u0103\u021bii compenseaz\u0103 ast\u0103zi \u00een sens negativ sc\u0103derea polu\u0103rii, iar apele sunt primele \u00een care se resimte acest lucru. Sc\u0103derea productivit\u0103\u021bii piscicole este un rezultat firesc al ac\u021biunii acestor factori peste care se adaug\u0103 presiunea tot mai mare a pescuitului sportiv \u0219i comercial \u00een apele continentale \u0219i marine. \u00cen aceste condi\u021bii revenirea cormoranilor la popula\u021biile anterioare momentului \u00een care omul i-a adus \u00een pragul dispari\u021biei contravine \u00een mod evident cu interesele pescarilor care cer eliminarea lor de pe ape. Toat\u0103 t\u0103r\u0103\u0219enia legat\u0103 de rolul distructiv al cormoranilor m\u0103 duce cu g\u00e2ndul \u2013 altfel cum?! – la Delta noastr\u0103, unde bubuie 24\/24 tunurile cu gaz pentru\u00a0 a speria cohortele de pelicani \u0219i cormorani care \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 dea lovitura pe amenaj\u0103rile piscicole. Pentru cel ce \u0219tie realit\u0103\u021bile Deltei situa\u021bia \u00een care s-a ajuns, fiind iminent\u0103 o derogare prin care Rezerva\u021bia va permite h\u0103cuirea cormoranilor \u0219i foarte probabil a pelicanilor excedentari, nu poate fi dec\u00e2t c\u00e2ntecul de… leb\u0103d\u0103 al ecosistemului Deltaic. Aici braconajul electric, distrugerea poten\u021bialului piscicol prin nerespectarea perioadelor de cru\u021bare la reproducere, circula\u021bia intens\u0103 a navelor p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een cele mai izolate jap\u0219e \u0219i poluarea au sec\u0103tuit ireversibil posibilitatea Dun\u0103rii de a-\u0219i reface stocurile piscicole. \u0218i nu este numai sc\u0103derea dramatic\u0103 a num\u0103rului pe\u0219tilor, c\u0103ci este \u0219i o distrugere f\u0103r\u0103 precedent a biodiversit\u0103\u021bii. \u00cen aceste condi\u021bii de mediu pelicanii \u0219i cormoranii nu mai au hran\u0103 \u00een apele naturale \u0219i migreaz\u0103 c\u0103tre amenaj\u0103rile piscicole, singurele care mai \u021bin pe\u0219te ast\u0103zi la nivelul anilor ’80 de exemplu. \u0218i nu uita\u021bi aici faptul c\u0103 pe 50% din suprafa\u021ba Deltei \u00een care ar fi trebuit s\u0103 fie ape cu pe\u0219ti, sunt ast\u0103zi terenuri agricole \u00een p\u00e2rloag\u0103.<\/p>\n

\"pelicani\"<\/a><\/p>\n

N\u0103vala p\u0103s\u0103rilor acvatice, inclusiv cormorani \u0219i pelicani, pe ape urbane, chiar \u0219i \u00een cele ale parcurilor, atrage aten\u021bia c\u0103 apele naturale de la noi sunt \u00een pragul colapsului. Iat\u0103 de ce eu cred c\u0103 pescarii rom\u00e2ni ar trebui s\u0103 nu considere aceste p\u0103s\u0103ri o plag\u0103 c\u0103reia i se datoreaz\u0103 oferta tot mai sc\u0103zut\u0103 a apelor mioritice, a\u0219a cum auzit de multe ori. Pur \u0219i simplu nu mai g\u0103sesc pe\u0219te \u00een apele naturale! Incriminarea cormoranilor \u00een Rom\u00e2nia mi se pare la fel de hilar\u0103 ca dosarul penal al unui am\u0103r\u00e2t care a furat un m\u0103r de pe o tarab\u0103 din pia\u021b\u0103, am\u0103r\u00e2t care nu are parte de imunitate parlamentar\u0103 extins\u0103 ca s\u0103 poat\u0103 fura toat\u0103 pia\u021ba. \u0218i spun asta g\u00e2ndindu-m\u0103 cum mai mult de 80% din poten\u021bialul piscicol al apelor cu salmonide a fost distrus nu de cormorani, nu de pelicani, ci de b\u0103ie\u021bii de\u0219tep\u021bi din Energie cu micro-hidrocentralele lor storc\u0103toare de certificate verzi. Iat\u0103 de ce eu zic c\u0103 ar fi cazul s\u0103 nu tragem \u00een pianist.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cen Republica Ceh\u0103, un t\u0103r\u00e2m de vis pentru orice pescar de p\u0103str\u0103v din Europa, Ministerul Mediului nu este ocupat p\u00e2n\u0103 peste cap cu timbrul de mediu, \u00een schimb are o problem\u0103 cu cormoranii. Acuza\u021bi c\u0103 s-au \u00eenmul\u021bit \u00een ultimii ani \u0219i c\u0103 produc deja dezechilibre \u00een ecosistemele \u00een care tr\u0103iesc, oficialii cehi au hot\u0103r\u00e2t scoaterea […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":174,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[218],"tags":[424,1342,1344,1343],"class_list":["post-14337","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-undita_si_revolutia","tag-braconaj","tag-cormorani","tag-cormorani-in-delta","tag-pescuit-cormorani"],"yoast_head":"\nCormoran nou alicit!<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Malin Musatescu atrage atentia asupra iminentei decimari a populatiilor de cormoran in Europa si America.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fishingandhuntingtv.com\/ro\/pescuit\/undita_si_revolutia\/cormoran-nou-alicit.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cormoran nou alicit!\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Malin Musatescu atrage atentia asupra iminentei decimari a populatiilor de cormoran in Europa si America.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/fishingandhuntingtv.com\/ro\/pescuit\/undita_si_revolutia\/cormoran-nou-alicit.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"F&H - 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