{"id":3598,"date":"2011-02-22T15:04:01","date_gmt":"2011-02-22T14:04:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pvtv.ro\/?p=3598"},"modified":"2011-02-22T15:05:13","modified_gmt":"2011-02-22T14:05:13","slug":"3598","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fishingandhuntingtv.com\/ro\/pesti\/3598.html","title":{"rendered":"Scobarul – Chondrostoma Nasus"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>C\u00e2rdurile de scobari care mi\u0219un\u0103 \u00een curent \u00een c\u0103utarea hranei reprezint\u0103 cea mai mare atrac\u021bie pentru pescarii de sta\u021bionar din apele curg\u0103toare colinare. Fine\u021bea \u0219i dificultatea pescuitului \u0219i recompensa pe\u0219tilor dolofani prin\u0219i, unul dup\u0103 altul, sunt atribute care umplu malurile apelor atunci c\u00e2nd zvonul c\u0103 scobarii mu\u0219c\u0103 bine se r\u0103sp\u00e2nde\u0219te cu iu\u021beala fulgerului printre \u00eemp\u0103timi\u021bi.<\/p>\n

Exist\u0103 \u0219ase genuri de scobar \u00een Europa. Toate acestea cuprind specii de ap\u0103 curg\u0103toare care tr\u0103iesc \u00een curent, pe sau \u00een apropierea substratului. Hrana este ob\u021binut\u0103 prin raderea vegeta\u021biei algale de pe substrat sau prin capturarea nevertebratelor care tr\u0103iesc \u00eentre pietre. Caracteristica tuturor acestor genuri este\u00a0 o gur\u0103 plasat\u0103 inferior, cu o \u201ebuz\u0103\u201d inferioar\u0103 cu marginile \u00eent\u0103rite, chiar prev\u0103zute cu o muchie t\u0103ioas\u0103 care s\u0103 \u00eei permit\u0103 regimul de hr\u0103nire descris mai sus. \u00cen genul Chondrostoma au fost identificate un num\u0103r de 10 specii europene. De departe cea mai r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit\u0103 este scobarul cu un areal \u00eentins pe mare parte a Europei cu excep\u021bia Peninsulelor Balcanice, Italiene \u0219i Iberice, a Marii Britanii, a \u021b\u0103rilor scandinave, \u0219i a \u021b\u0103rilor baltice. \u00cen Rom\u00e2nia este o prezen\u021b\u0103 obi\u0219nuit\u0103 pe cursul mediu al r\u00e2urilor medii \u0219i mari, dar \u0219i \u00een Dun\u0103re \u00een cursul superior al sectorului rom\u00e2nesc.<\/p>\n

Specia se afl\u0103 \u00een expansiune \u0219i, similar avatului, a colonizat mare parte din Fran\u021ba (cu excep\u021bia sud-vestului) prin canalul de leg\u0103tur\u0103 dintre Dun\u0103re \u0219i Rin, p\u0103trunz\u00e2nd \u00een bazinele Ronului, Loarei \u0219i a Senei. De asemenea, a fost introdus\u0103 \u00een bazinul r\u00e2ului Soca (Italia \u0219i Slovenia). \u00cen bazinul Ronului specia a intrat \u00een contact cu alt\u0103 specie de scobar (Parachondrostoma toxostoma) pe care o domin\u0103 \u0219i chiar o elimin\u0103 \u0219i cu care produce numero\u0219i hibrizi. Aceea\u0219i situa\u021bie \u00een cazul speciei Protochondrostoma genei din bazinul r\u00e2ului Soca. Astfel aceste specii care s-au diversificat prin izolare geografic\u0103 risc\u0103 s\u0103 fie eliminate de specia majoritar\u0103 care este \u00een ofensiv\u0103 \u00een habitatele comune.<\/p>\n

Biologie<\/strong>
\nHabitatul s\u0103u este reprezentat de r\u00e2uri cu curgere rapid\u0103, de dimensiuni medii- mari cu substrat pietros \u0219i bolov\u0103nos. Depunerea are loc \u00een curent puternic, pe pat de pietri\u0219, \u00een zone cu ad\u00e2ncime redus\u0103 a apei. Poate depune adesea \u00een mici afluen\u021bi. Poate prezenta o distribu\u021bie longitudinal\u0103 pe r\u00e2uri, direct propor\u021bional\u0103 cu talia lor, astfel exemplarele mai mari plas\u00e2ndu-se mai \u00een amonte.
\nTr\u0103ie\u0219te p\u00e2n\u0103 la 12 ani \u0219i depune pentru prima dat\u0103 la v\u00e2rsta de 3-5 ani. Poate migra c\u00e2teva zeci de kilometri p\u00e2n\u0103 la locurile de reproducere, care sunt plasate de multe ori \u00een afluen\u021bii r\u00e2ului principal, unde pe\u0219tele nu r\u0103m\u00e2ne pe parcursul verii.
\nDepunerea are loc \u00een perioada martie\u2013mai c\u00e2nd temperatura apei ajunge la 12\u00b0C. Masculii formeaz\u0103 grupuri mari, fiecare mascul ap\u0103r\u00e2nd un teritoriu mic. Femelele depun doar o singur\u0103 dat\u0103 pe an \u0219i \u00een anumite popula\u021bii pe o perioad\u0103 foarte scurt\u0103 (3\u20135 zile\/an). Femela depune icrele lipicioase \u00een mici gropi s\u0103pate \u00een pietri\u0219. Puietul \u00een primele stadii de hr\u0103nire activ\u0103 se men\u021bine pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 maluri, \u00een treimea superioar\u0103 a apei. Juvenilii devin bentonici \u0219i se men\u021bin, de asemenea, \u00een ape pu\u021bin ad\u00e2nci de pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 maluri. Dup\u0103 ce mai cresc, p\u0103r\u0103sesc zona malurilor \u0219i ajung \u00een zonele cu un curent intens. Supravie\u021buirea puilor depinde de temperaturi, au nevoie de temperaturi ridicate pe durata prim\u0103verii, de absen\u021ba viiturilor \u0219i prezen\u021ba habitatelor cu ape pu\u021bin ad\u00e2nci, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 maluri. Juvenilii ierneaz\u0103 \u00een ape cu un curent foarte redus sau \u00een ad\u0103posturi de-a lungul malurilor. Adul\u021bii formeaz\u0103 c\u00e2rduri compacte pe perioada iernii \u00een cursul inferior al r\u00e2urilor. Larvele \u0219i juvenilii mici, care au gura plasat\u0103 superior se hr\u0103nesc cu micro-nevertebrate. Juvenilii mari \u0219i adul\u021bii care au gura plasat\u0103 inferior trec la o hran\u0103 bentonic\u0103 format\u0103 din diatomee (alge) \u0219i detritus preluate prin r\u0103zuire de pe substrat dur (bolovani) \u00een curent puternic.
\nSpecia este vulnerabil\u0103 la amenaj\u0103ri de baraje, care \u00eempiedic\u0103 migra\u021biile de reproducere pe afluen\u021bi, la distrugerea locurilor de reproducere \u0219i la poluare. \u00cens\u0103 precum se vede \u00een habitatele pe care le-a colonizat recent, poate fi un pericol pentru speciile native de scobari locali. Paradoxal de\u0219i amenajarea de lacuri de acumulare pe cursul apelor curg\u0103toare \u00eei \u00eempiedic\u0103 migra\u021biile de reproducere specia s-a adaptat \u0219i a proliferat \u00een lacurile de acumulare, unde g\u0103se\u0219te hran\u0103 abundent\u0103 (perifiton) pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 malurile betonate \u0219i lipsite de umbr\u0103.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
\nMorfologia<\/strong>
\nCorp fuziform cu cap comprimat median \u0219i botul alungit. Mandibula este mai lung\u0103 dec\u00e2t maxilarul, care determin\u0103 o gur\u0103 cu deschidere inferioar\u0103. De altfel, forma particular\u0103 a capului \u0219i botului \u00eel face de neconfundat printre celelalte ciprinide.
\nPigmenta\u021bia corpului este verde-m\u0103sliniu cu reflexe aurii pe spate, cenu\u0219iu-argintiu pe flancuri \u0219i argintiu pe abdomen. \u00cenot\u0103toarele sunt ro\u0219ii-s\u00e2ngerii cu excep\u021bia dorsalei care este cenu\u0219ie. Buzele \u00eent\u0103rite, cornoase \u0219i cu margini t\u0103ioase \u0219i din\u021bii faringieni puternici constituie adapt\u0103ri perfecte pentru un regim de hran\u0103 pu\u021bin utilizat de alte specii, ceea ce i-a asigurat un succes adaptativ remarcabil.
\nPeritoneul (membrana care tapeteaz\u0103 peretele abdominal) este negru, fapt care i-a atras denumirea popular\u0103 de \u201ema\u021be negre\u201d.
\nLungimea medie este de 25\u201335 cm cu greutatea cuprins\u0103 \u00eentre 200 \u0219i 600 g, exemplarele de talie mare ajung\u00e2nd la 45\u201350 cm \u0219i 1,5 chiar 2 kg. V\u00e2rsta maxim\u0103 raportat\u0103 a fost de 15 ani.<\/p>\n

Pescuitul<\/strong>
\nPe\u0219tele este activ \u00eenc\u0103 de la \u00eenceputul prim\u0103verii, dar \u00een condi\u021bii propice se prinde \u0219i \u00een sezonul rece. Cel mai bun sezon pentru scobar r\u0103m\u00e2ne, \u00eens\u0103, vara \u0219i toamna. C\u00e2rdurile de scobari \u00ee\u0219i fac sim\u021bit\u0103 prezen\u021ba, similar oble\u021bilor, prin sclipirile produse de expunerea flancurilor argintii la soare, mai ales \u00een condi\u021bii de ap\u0103 limpede.
\nPentru a \u021bine c\u00e2rdurile de scobari la locul de pescuit, pescarii n\u0103desc abundent cu arpaca\u0219, c\u00e2nep\u0103, praf de s\u00e2nge, organe, p\u00e2ine \u0219i viermu\u0219i, sau folosesc nadele speciale de scobar intrate \u00een ultimii ani pe pia\u021ba noastr\u0103. \u00cen general se prefer\u0103 nadele cu granula\u021bie mai mare, care se amestec\u0103 cu viermu\u0219i \u0219i p\u0103m\u00e2nt argilos, pentru \u00eengreunarea \u0219i fixarea nadei.
\nLiniile pentru scobar sunt fine, iar momelile sunt foarte variate: p\u00e2ine, cu\u0219-cu\u0219, arpaca\u0219, maz\u0103re, viermu\u0219i, r\u00e2me, larve de chironomide, larve de trichoptere, porumb, m\u0103m\u0103lig\u0103. Mu\u0219c\u0103tura scobarului este foarte fin\u0103, linia \u00een mi\u0219care fiind stopat\u0103 scurt, similar unei ag\u0103\u021b\u0103turi. Reflexul de \u00een\u021bepare trebuie s\u0103 fie rapid, pentru c\u0103 pe\u0219tele expulzeaz\u0103 imediat momeala \u00een cazul \u00een care simte greutatea lestului.
\nPrin fine\u021bea \u0219i tehnicitatea pescuitului \u0219i prin abunden\u021ba c\u00e2rdurilor care \u00een multe segmente de r\u00e2u poate dep\u0103\u0219i 60\u201370% din totalul popula\u021biei piscicole \u0219i talia exemplarelor, scobarul este, f\u0103r\u0103 doar \u0219i poate, pe\u0219tele de c\u0103p\u0103t\u00e2i al pescarului de sta\u021bionar din apele curg\u0103toare.<\/p>\n

Articol preluat de la www.superpescar.ro
\nAutor: Adrian Iona\u0219cu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00e2rdurile de scobari care mi\u0219un\u0103 \u00een curent \u00een c\u0103utarea hranei reprezint\u0103 cea mai mare atrac\u021bie pentru pescarii de sta\u021bionar din apele curg\u0103toare colinare. Fine\u021bea \u0219i dificultatea pescuitului \u0219i recompensa pe\u0219tilor dolofani prin\u0219i, unul dup\u0103 altul, sunt atribute care umplu malurile apelor atunci c\u00e2nd zvonul c\u0103 scobarii mu\u0219c\u0103 bine se r\u0103sp\u00e2nde\u0219te cu iu\u021beala fulgerului printre \u00eemp\u0103timi\u021bi. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[91,90],"class_list":["post-3598","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-pesti","tag-pescuit-la-scobar","tag-scobar"],"yoast_head":"\nScobarul - Chondrostoma Nasus<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fishingandhuntingtv.com\/ro\/pesti\/3598.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Scobarul - Chondrostoma Nasus\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"C\u00e2rdurile de scobari care mi\u0219un\u0103 \u00een curent \u00een c\u0103utarea hranei reprezint\u0103 cea mai mare atrac\u021bie pentru pescarii de sta\u021bionar din apele curg\u0103toare colinare. Fine\u021bea \u0219i dificultatea pescuitului \u0219i recompensa pe\u0219tilor dolofani prin\u0219i, unul dup\u0103 altul, sunt atribute care umplu malurile apelor atunci c\u00e2nd zvonul c\u0103 scobarii mu\u0219c\u0103 bine se r\u0103sp\u00e2nde\u0219te cu iu\u021beala fulgerului printre \u00eemp\u0103timi\u021bi. 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