{"id":3710,"date":"2011-03-11T13:33:09","date_gmt":"2011-03-11T12:33:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pvtv.ro\/?p=3710"},"modified":"2011-03-11T13:33:29","modified_gmt":"2011-03-11T12:33:29","slug":"3710","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fishingandhuntingtv.com\/ro\/pesti\/3710.html","title":{"rendered":"Sturionii"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"_mcePaste\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/pvtv.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/sturion.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3711\" title=\"sturion\" src=\"http:\/\/pvtv.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/sturion.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"560\" height=\"380\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fishingandhuntingtv.com\/ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/sturion.jpg 560w, https:\/\/fishingandhuntingtv.com\/ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/sturion-540x366.jpg 540w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 560px) 100vw, 560px\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div>Sturionii, ca familie, sunt printre cei mai vechi pe\u015fti care au supravie\u0163uit p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een vremurile noastre. Vechimea lor este estimat\u0103 la zeci de milioane de ani (primele fosile apar\u0163in\u00e2nd Cretacicului Superior, 65-80 milioane ani), astfel c\u0103 \u00een mod cert ei au fost contemporani cu ultimii dinozauri. \u00a0Ace\u015fti pe\u015fti primitivi care au supravie\u0163uit din vremuri imemoriale se afl\u0103, din p\u0103cate, la r\u0103scruce pentru c\u0103 actuala stare de lucruri, greu de schimbat, duce inexorabil la dispari\u0163ia lor accelerat\u0103 \u00een urm\u0103torii ani.<\/div>\n<div id=\"_mcePaste\">Sturionii sunt o familie mic\u0103 (Acipenseridae) restr\u00e2ns\u0103 la emisfera nordic\u0103. Sunt recunoscute \u015ftiin\u0163ific 4 genuri: Scaphirhynchus cu 3 specii americane (din Mississippi p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een nordul Mexicului), Pseudoscaphirhynchus cu cel pu\u0163in 3 specii \u00een bazinul M\u0103rii Aral, Huso, cu 2 specii, una \u00een Extremul Orient, Huso dauricus, alta european\u0103 (Huso huso, morunul). Cel mai mare gen este Acipenser cu 9 specii native \u00een Europa \u015fi 10 \u00een Asia \u015fi America de Nord. Ca o descriere general\u0103 sturionii sunt pe\u015fti de talie mare cu cinci r\u00e2nduri de pl\u0103ci osoase, patru must\u0103\u0163i. Aceste scuturi sunt mai pronun\u0163ate la indivizii de talie mic\u0103, fiind adesea par\u0163ial ascunse sub piele la adul\u0163i.<\/div>\n<div><strong>Ciclu de via\u0163\u0103<\/strong><\/div>\n<div id=\"_mcePaste\">Majoritatea sturionilor sunt anadromi, adic\u0103 se hr\u0103nesc \u00een apele s\u0103rate sau salmastre ale m\u0103rilor \u015fi desf\u0103\u015foar\u0103 lungi migra\u0163ii de reproducere \u00een amonte, pe fluvii. Aceste migra\u0163ii \u00eencep de obicei la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul verii \u015fi sunt mai pu\u0163in pronun\u0163ate c\u00e2nd temperaturile coboar\u0103 sub o anumit\u0103 limit\u0103. Mul\u0163i din reproduc\u0103tori ierneaz\u0103 \u00een apele dulci. Apogeul migra\u0163iilor de reproducere \u00een amonte are loc la \u00eenceputul prim\u0103verii. Pe\u015ftii care urc\u0103 \u00een r\u00e2uri vara t\u00e2rziu depun de obicei la distan\u0163e mai mari \u00een amonte, comparativ cu pe\u015ftii care migreaz\u0103 prim\u0103vara. Toate speciile de sturioni depun \u00een apele dulci pe perioada prim\u0103verii \u015fi a verii. Depunerea are loc \u00een general pe sectoare de r\u00e2u cu un curent puternic, pe un substrat de pietri\u015f. Femelele se \u00eentorc de obicei la locurile de hr\u0103nire imediat dup\u0103 reproducere \u0103n timp ce masculii r\u0103m\u00e2n multe s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni \u00een locurile de reproducere, \u00een a\u015fteptarea altor femele. Femelele majorit\u0103\u0163ii speciilor nu depun \u00een fiecare an. Icrele \u015fi larvele sunt foarte sensibile la concentra\u0163ia oxigenului. \u00cen general toate speciile native de sturioni europeni sunt capabile s\u0103-\u015fi realizeze ciclul de via\u0163\u0103 exclusiv \u00een ap\u0103 dulce. Cinci din opt specii sunt cunoscute ca av\u00e2nd popula\u0163ii nemigratoare, sau au indivizi care r\u0103m\u00e2n \u00een apele dulci. Popula\u0163iile de Acipenser oxyrhinchus se hr\u0103nesc \u00een lacuri mari (Ladoga \u015fi Onega de exemplu) \u015fi se reproduc \u00een afluen\u0163ii acestora. Se cunosc popula\u0163ii nemigratoare, reofile la A, nudiventris, A. gueldenstaedti \u015fi A. naccarii. La celelalte specii acestea au disp\u0103rut. Stocuri semi-migratoare de ceg\u0103 erau cunoscute pe Volga. La momentul actual sunt deja disp\u0103rute persisit\u00e2nd doar formele dulcicole.<\/div>\n<div id=\"_mcePaste\"><strong>Cauzele dispari\u0163iei<\/strong><\/div>\n<div id=\"_mcePaste\">Printre pe\u015ftii europeni sturionii reprezint\u0103 familia de pe\u015fti cea mai afectat\u0103 de activit\u0103\u0163ile antropice, cum sunt bararea c\u0103ilor de migra\u0163iune \u015fi supra-pescuitul. Cega este singura specie care s-a dovedit capabil\u0103 s\u0103 reziste acestor ac\u0163iuni distructive. Sturionul de Atlantic (Acipenser sturio) sau \u015fipul supravie\u0163uie\u015fte doar \u00een bazinul fluviului Garonne din Fran\u0163a \u015fi \u015fansele sale de supravie\u0163uire \u00een apele naturale sunt doar teoretice. Acela\u015fi lucru se poate spune despre Acipenser colchicus din Marea Neagr\u0103 , al c\u0103ror ultime locuri de reproducere au r\u0103mas \u00een Georgia. Din Turcia specia a disp\u0103rut ca urmare a construc\u0163iei de baraje. Nici speciile dun\u0103rene nu se simt deloc bine. Nisetrul este \u00een pericol grav de extinc\u0163ie \u015fi la fel \u015fi p\u0103struga. Morunul rezist\u0103 cu greu, mai ales c\u0103 este specia cea mai mare, valoroas\u0103 \u015fi implicit cea mai v\u00e2nat\u0103. Popula\u0163iile baltice ale lui Acipenser oxyrinchus sunt ca \u015fi disp\u0103rute. De altfel majoritatea r\u00e2urilor \u015fi fluviile ce se vars\u0103 \u00een Marea Neagr\u0103 mai au sturioni doar ob\u0163inu\u0163i din reproduceri artificiale \u015fi popul\u0103ri. Singurele ape curg\u0103toare unde mai exist\u0103 popula\u0163ii care migreaz\u0103 natural sunt Dun\u0103rea \u015fi Rioni din Georgia. \u015ei \u00een aceste ape sturionii sunt supra-pescui\u0163i. Pe Dun\u0103re din 2006 s-a instaurat prohibi\u0163ia general\u0103 la pescuitul sturionilor dar tenta\u0163ia c\u00e2\u015ftigurilor facile \u015fi s\u0103r\u0103cia endemic\u0103 din zonele riverane face inaplicabil\u0103 legisla\u0163ia de mediu, \u00een lipsa unor mijloace importante de control. Lupta pentru supravie\u0163uirea sturionilor pare din start pierdut\u0103 a\u015fa cum este pierdut\u0103 \u00een Africa lupta pentru supravie\u0163uirea elefan\u0163ilor sau a rinocerilor, \u015fi vorbesc de mediul natural \u015fi nu de rezerva\u0163ii. De altfel supra-pescuitul sturionilor este o realitate cvasi-general\u0103. \u00a0Suprapescui\u0163i \u00een mare pentru carne \u015fi \u00een fluvii pentru caviar sturionii sunt pe cale s\u0103 piard\u0103 r\u0103zboiul supravie\u0163uirii.<\/div>\n<div id=\"_mcePaste\"><strong>Reversul medaliei<\/strong><\/div>\n<div id=\"_mcePaste\">Sturionii sunt extrem de asem\u0103n\u0103tori la \u00eenf\u0103\u0163i\u015fare \u015fi caracteristici \u015fi sunt dificil de identificat cu precizie. \u00cen plus deoarece popula\u0163iile majorit\u0103\u0163ii speciilor, cu excep\u0163ia cegii, depind \u00een mare parte de popularea cu juvenili din fermele de acvacultur\u0103, identificarea lor devine \u015fi mai problematic\u0103. Multe ferme de acvacultur\u0103 produc \u015fi hibrizi. Cel mai frecvent este besterul (morun cu ceg\u0103), care este produs \u00een \u00eentreaga Europ\u0103. De asemenea specii exotice cum este sturionul siberian (Acipenser baerii) sau specii americane sunt produse \u00een ferme. Fermele de acvacultur\u0103 care reproduc sturioni de la Marea Neagr\u0103 \u015fi Caspic\u0103 folosesc de cele mai multe ori reproduc\u0103tori din apele naturale. Exemplare de Acipenser colchicum \u015fi A. persicus, aflate \u00een afara arealului lor principal pot fi foarte u\u015for confundate cu Acipenser gueldenstaedtii de cei de la fermele de sturioni \u015fi amestecate cu exemplare din aceast\u0103 specie. Cum din p\u0103cate sturionii alohtoni (str\u0103ini) sunt \u00eent\u00e2lni\u0163i pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103, \u00een special \u00een Europa vestic\u0103 \u015fi central\u0103 localizarea geografic\u0103 nu mai este util\u0103 pentru identificarea speciilor.<\/div>\n<div>Articol scris de Adrian Ionascu si preluat de pe www.superpescar.ro<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sturionii, ca familie, sunt printre cei mai vechi pe\u015fti care au supravie\u0163uit p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een vremurile noastre. Vechimea lor este estimat\u0103 la zeci de milioane de ani (primele fosile apar\u0163in\u00e2nd Cretacicului Superior, 65-80 milioane ani), astfel c\u0103 \u00een mod cert ei au fost contemporani cu ultimii dinozauri. \u00a0Ace\u015fti pe\u015fti primitivi care au supravie\u0163uit din vremuri imemoriale [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[95],"class_list":["post-3710","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-pesti","tag-sturionii"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Sturionii<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fishingandhuntingtv.com\/ro\/pesti\/3710.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sturionii\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sturionii, ca familie, sunt printre cei mai vechi pe\u015fti care au supravie\u0163uit p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een vremurile noastre. Vechimea lor este estimat\u0103 la zeci de milioane de ani (primele fosile apar\u0163in\u00e2nd Cretacicului Superior, 65-80 milioane ani), astfel c\u0103 \u00een mod cert ei au fost contemporani cu ultimii dinozauri. \u00a0Ace\u015fti pe\u015fti primitivi care au supravie\u0163uit din vremuri imemoriale [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/fishingandhuntingtv.com\/ro\/pesti\/3710.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"F&amp;H - Fishing &amp; Hunting Romania\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pvtvro\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"@cristi.albu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2011-03-11T12:33:09+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2011-03-11T12:33:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/pvtv.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/sturion.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Cristi Albu\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@cristialbu\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@pvtvro\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Scris de\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Cristi Albu\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Timp estimat pentru citire\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fishingandhuntingtv.com\\\/ro\\\/pesti\\\/3710.html#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fishingandhuntingtv.com\\\/ro\\\/pesti\\\/3710.html\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Cristi Albu\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fishingandhuntingtv.com\\\/ro\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/a366c70909922f87f8800de09a085f56\"},\"headline\":\"Sturionii\",\"datePublished\":\"2011-03-11T12:33:09+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2011-03-11T12:33:29+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fishingandhuntingtv.com\\\/ro\\\/pesti\\\/3710.html\"},\"wordCount\":1020,\"commentCount\":1,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fishingandhuntingtv.com\\\/ro\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fishingandhuntingtv.com\\\/ro\\\/pesti\\\/3710.html#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/pvtv.ro\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2011\\\/03\\\/sturion.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"sturionii\"],\"articleSection\":[\"PESTI\"],\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/fishingandhuntingtv.com\\\/ro\\\/pesti\\\/3710.html#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fishingandhuntingtv.com\\\/ro\\\/pesti\\\/3710.html\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fishingandhuntingtv.com\\\/ro\\\/pesti\\\/3710.html\",\"name\":\"Sturionii\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fishingandhuntingtv.com\\\/ro\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fishingandhuntingtv.com\\\/ro\\\/pesti\\\/3710.html#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fishingandhuntingtv.com\\\/ro\\\/pesti\\\/3710.html#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/pvtv.ro\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2011\\\/03\\\/sturion.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2011-03-11T12:33:09+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2011-03-11T12:33:29+00:00\",\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/fishingandhuntingtv.com\\\/ro\\\/pesti\\\/3710.html\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fishingandhuntingtv.com\\\/ro\\\/pesti\\\/3710.html#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/pvtv.ro\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2011\\\/03\\\/sturion.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/pvtv.ro\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2011\\\/03\\\/sturion.jpg\"},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fishingandhuntingtv.com\\\/ro\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fishingandhuntingtv.com\\\/ro\\\/\",\"name\":\"F&H - Fishing & Hunting\",\"description\":\"The Fishing &amp; Hunting Channel este un post dedicat pasiona\u0163ilor de natur\u0103, pescuit \u015fi v\u00e2n\u0103toare. 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Pescuieste cu placere orice peste, fie el de rau sau lac, cu dinti sau cu mustati. Pe primul plan insa ramane pescuitul la rapitori si competitia din aceasta ramura. 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